Electrical driving of spindles for spinning, twisting, doubling, winding, and analogous processes



Aug. 1l, 1931. E. c. COPE 1"818 535 ELECTRICAL'DRIVING O IND FOR SPINNING PRO vy//\\\// Vf/W Mktg/gn 9 n sTING, S Sheets-Sheet wwww Fl G l v/A i d NEST CEC IL COPE Inve nt or By 'l Att OI' Aug, 11, 1931. E, .coPE 1,818,535

. ELECTRICAL DRIVING OF SPINDLES FOR SPINNING, TWI'I'ING,

DOUBLING, WINDING, AND ANALOGOUS PROCESSES Filed July 3, 1928 4 Sheets-Sheet 2' ffm-La-' ERNEST c5011. COPE A' Inventor BEIM-rf Attorneys Aug. 11, 1931.

E. cf coPE 1,818,535

ELECTRICAL DRIVING OF SPINDLES FOR SPINNING, WISTING, DOUBLING, WINDING, AND ANALOGOUS PROCESSES Filed July 3, 1928 4 Sheets-Sheet I5.

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ERNEST CECIL COPE Inv Tn r l By L K 7ttczirne ys Aug'. 1l, i E. C. CQPE ELECTRICAL DRIVING OF SPINDLES FOR SPINNING, TWISTING,

DOUBLING, WINDING, AND ANALOGOUS PROCESSES Filed July 5, 1928v 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 ERNEST CECIL COPE Inventor By [A v At to rne ys Patented Aug. l1, 1931 I UNITED srArEs PATENT OFFICE Elxflil'ESL'CECIL COPE, OF SPONDN, NEAR DER-EY, ENGLAND, ASSIGNOR T0 CLANES CORPORATION F AMTRCilr, A CGRPORATIQN F DELAWARE 'y `:ELECTRICIi` DRIVNG 0F SPNDLS GR SPENNTG, EV/"STNG, DOUBLNG, WINDING,

AND ILNAXOGOUS yPRC*CEFSSZES,

Application filed July a, 192s, .serial no. senese, and in Great rs1-nain July 16, 1927.Y

Thisy invention relates to textile spindles and electrical means for driving the same, for use in spinning, twisting, doubling, winding and analogous, operations oninatn ural or artificial fibres, filaments, threads or yarns, more specially at high or very high speeds, examples of such textile operations being high speed spinning, twisting or doubling of threads or yarns of artificial or natural fibres or filaments by cap, r1n g and traveller, flyer or other' methods winding or vtwisting and winding artificialV filaments continuously with their production either by the wet coagulation method or by the dry or evaporative method, and especiallycap spinning (i. e. cap twisting and' winding) lof artificial filaments continuously with their formation by the dry or evaporative method; crpe twisting Mor doubling of 20 threads or yarns of artificial or natural filaments or libres wherein a high twist is required to be imparted to the threads or yarns or in the doubling of the same.

An object of the invention is to enable one or any desired number of textile spindles to be driven at high or very high 'speeds by electrical driving meansv comprising a polyphase high frequency generator and one or more polyphase motors, the generator or the motor or motors, or the generator and the motor or motors having unbalanced windings. By the phrase unbalanced windings, it is to be understood that each phase of the unit so provided has a number of ampere turns differing from those on each of the other phases thereon. y

Itwas found that a higher or very high speed could not be satisfactorily obtained or maintained when employing the known polyphase electric motors fed by the known types of polyphase generator, which motors and generators have balanced windings i. e., windings having an equal number of ampere turns on each phase. 43' It was found that on attempting to work such motors the requisite high or very high speeds when fed by such generators, that during .acceleration the motors, and consequently the textile spindles to which their rotors are directly connected, are very 'extremely high speeds.

liable to remain at the first, second or other critical speed and that the motors can' only accelerated past such critical speeds by careful manipulation of the generator voltage and frequency, and even if it is managed' to accelerate past a criticalspeed the speed is very unstable and the motors have everyv tendency to slow down to a critical speed. may be explained that a critical speed is a period during acceleration ofthe rotor when the negative torque due to harmonics of the supply risesv in value to a degree sufficient to balance positive main torque, the result being that acceleration is arrested and the rotor speed becomes stable at some submultiple of the synchronous speed. These harmonics accompany all wave forms of electrical energy generated by rota# ting" machines, but their influence appearsrto be much more manifesty at the high fre- Vquency current necessary to obtain the high or. yery high speeds the firstl and second critical speeds which developed' during acceleration were'at about 5,00O-6,00 0V and.4

'l1,000-12,000 revolutions per minute, respectively.

By means of the presentinvention textile spindles may readily be driven at high or the reason why the obtainment of such speeds is rendered possible is that on the rotor arrivingat anycritical speed at which an extra. torque is required to overcome the electrically unbalanced forces, an increase in current results, followed by a corresponding increase in the magneticiiux passing through the rotorv core, and that, owing to the unbalancedwindings, strong magnetic couple 1s formed in the rotating field which is It is believed thatmoving much faster than the field (the slip at this point being of course, considerable) the tendency of which magnetic couple is to jerk or whip the rotor over theV critical speed. Once past this point, the speed of the rotor rapidly increases, accompanied by falling current, until perhaps another critical speed is met, with a repetition of this particular action, and iinally the rotor reaches a synchronous speed governed by the periodicity of the supply and percentage oii slip.

By means of the present invention the motors can rapidly attain the desired high `or very high speeds, it having been found in practice possible to attain r'or example a synchronous speed of 20,000 revolutions per minute in as short a time as about la seconds.

` According to my invention, therefore, apparatus for use in textile operations comprises in combination one or more textile spindles, one or more polyphase (preferably not less than three phase) motors, a polyphaseV high frequency generator for driving the motor or motors, the motor or motors and/or the generator having unbalanced windings and driving means arranged between the motor or motors and the spindle or spindles.

In performing the invention one or any number of textile spindles may be driven, by one motor (or it may be one ot the motors) fed by the high frequency generator; and further, the textile spindle or spindlesV may be driven at the sainespeed as the motor driving the same or at a higher or lower speed.

An advantage ofthe invention vis that several or any desired number of spindles may be driventrom one motor of the lelectrical driving means, instead ot a separate motor having to be employed for each spindle to yhe driven, though oft' course a single spindle can be separately driven by a corresponding motor it desired. l/Vhere the electrical driving means' comprisesfa number of motors supplied by the high frequency generator,

each of them may drive any desired number of spindles.V f

The motor (or motors) or the high frequency generator supplying the same, or it may be both the motor (or motors) and the high frequency generator supplying them may be provided with the unbalanced winding. For the best functioning of the apparatus the difference in the number of ampere turns between the two phases exhibiting mai imum difference should not exceed about 15% and preferably should not exceed from about 10% to about 12%, but it is ot' Vcourse understood that I do not limit myseli2 in this respect.

In the preferred :torni ot the invention I obtain the differing number of ampere turns by winding the phases vwith a differing number oi" turns of wire. I may however obtain the differing number of ampere turns by employing both on the motor or 'l motors and the generator an equal number of turns of wire as between phase and phase, and by inserting between the generator and motor or motors a transformerl (either static or rotary) wound with a differing number of turns of wire on each of the phasesor .by including in the circuits of each of the Yphases (or it may be on each of the phases except one) resistances or chokes-which in cases where they are included in the circuits of two or more phases are of different value as betweenphase and phase-, or by employing any other known means for causing polyphase current to besupplied at a different voltagevon each phase.VV

It will be seen that in each form of the ininvention the number of ampere turns on the motor or motors and/or the generator will be different on each phase, as either the number ot turns of wire or the current'will be different on each of the phases.

The rotors of the motors maybe of the ordinary squirrel cage type or may be provided with closed windings, the former, however, Abeing preferable.

I' may also, though with less advantage, employ rotors wound with open windings .and provided with slip rings, in which case both stator and rotor are preferably `provided with open windings (of. which either? or both may be unbalanced windings), though the stator may beoi the squirrel cage type or wound with closed coils.

ne'accompanying drawings illustrate by way of example several ways of carrying out "-l' the present invention, it being of course understood that they are given by way of illustration and are in no way limitative. l

"Fig, l is a development diagram showing theniethod of winding the stator of a motor which may be employed in the apparatu shown in Figs. 6 9;

Fig. 2 is a vertical section through the motor;

Fig. 3 is an elevation of part or the rotor; 'A

'a cap-may pass, as used in cap-spinning apparatus;

Fig. 7 shows a number of spindles driven by a single motor; y Fig. 8 shows an alternative metho'd of lai-ged scale of a detail of Fig `ing an elevation, a part being an irregular motor andl y Figs. 9 andV 10 show two viewsto an en- 8, Fig. 9 besection on the line 9-`-9 of Fig. 1() being a plan, apart being the line 10-10 of F ig- 9.

Referring to Fig. 1, A, B and C represent the commencement of the windings of the first, second and third phases respective- 10, and Fig. a section on ly, while the line D E F represents vthe common point or junction of the windings. The first phase winding starts at. A and makes a number of turns between the stator slots 1 and 12, then a number of turns between slots 10 and 19, then a number of turns between slots 8 andk 21 and finally between slots 7 and 22, the end of the second phase,I winding joining the common junction of the phases .at the point F.

The total number of turns on the second phase winding in the examples described and illustrated is 97.

The third phase winding starts at C and makes a number of turns between thestator slots 17 and 4, then a number of turns between slots 18 and 3, then a number of turns 40' between slots 16 and 5 and linally between slots 15 and 6, the end of the third phase winding joining the common junction of the phases at the point D.

-The total number of turns on the third phase in the examples described and illustrated is 94.

Referring to Figs. 2, 3, 4 and 5. The

motor shaft 1 runs in bearings 2, 3 and rigidly fixed to it is a squirrel cage rotor 4. The bearings 2, 3 preferably present a vseries ofgrooves or spiral grooves 5 and lubrication may be eli'ected by supplying shown), or by gravity feed.

'lubricant to one endl of the vgrooves by pipes Ving through the rotor;v slots and fixed into the squirrelcage end rings 12,.the rotor slots being split, as shown in Fig. 5.' The bars 11 are staggered to give ease in` starting, and also to provide Ventilation in the' following manner z-The bars 11, being staggered, cause the split slots of therotor to be likewise staggered, and thus the staggered grooves or channels 13 formed on the outerface of the rotor draw air in through holes 14 inone end 15 of the motor cas- .inof 9 through the armature tunnel and out ofholes 16 in the other end 17 of the motor casing.

The stator core 8 is built up from laminated slotted soft iron stampings 18 (good insulation again being provided between the stampings), andthe slots 19 are providedv with highly insulatingv lining 2() and with the unbalanced winding 21, of which Fig. 1 is the development diagram. The stator yslotsuare not staggered in the motor shown, but in the case where` the rotor bars 11 are not staggered, the stator slots are preferably staggered'to give ease in starting. A flywheel maybe rigidly lixed to the shaft 1, or when a coupling member 22 is used, it mayv conveniently be made large enough to serve as a flywheel.

Referringjnow'to Fig. 6, a motor 23carried by the machine frame 24 is provided with a pulley 25 driving a belt 26. The

belt passes round a pulley 27 ruiming in bearings 28 carried by a rail 29, and round a jockey orl tension pulley 3() mounted in a skew forked arm 31 of a lever 32 pivoted on a bar 33 and `counter-balanced by a weight 34; On leaving the pulley 30, the` belt passes round a wharl35 formed on a bobbin `carrier 36 carried by a rail 37. On a spindle 38 passing through the bbbbin carrier 36 is a cap 39, movable relatively to the bobbin 40, as will be well understood, either by the traversing of the rail 37 or of the spindle 38 by any of the means well knownein thek art. Insteadof a motor driving-each separate spindle, a shaft running over the length of several spindles and carrying an extended pulley or a series of pulleys may be driven from a vmotor directly coupled or in geared connection with the shaft,\the spindles being driven in the manner describedabove from the pulley or pulleys. l

In Fig 7, a motor 41 drives a vertical shaft 42 through'a worm 43 and a worm- .wheel 44, the shaft 42 running in bearings 45 in an end frame 46 of the machine. Between the bearings 45, the shaft V42 carries a pulley 47 which drives a Abelt or band 48 passing along the length of the machine to a second pulley49 mounted between the bearings 50 of a shaft 51 carried bya second end frame .52, Vthe belt' returning to the pulley 47 along the back of the machine The end frames 46, 52 are connected-by rails 53, the upper one of which supports spindle carriers 54, and the belt-48 is arranged vto pass alternately under and-over Vwharls 55 carried by spindles 56 rotatably mounted in. the carrie-rs 54. Preferably jtwo lines of spindles4 are driven by the belt 48, the second line being mounted on a rail running along the back ofthe machine. A l

In either of the forms` of apparatus shown in Figs. 6 and 7, any suitableratio may be chosen for the gearing between the motor and the spindle or spindles, but usually the ratio will be such that the speed of the spindles will be equal to or greater than that of the motor, though a slower speed vmay be obtained if desired.

In the form of apparatus` shown in Fig. 8, a motor 57 is directly coupled to a shaft 58 running in bearings 59 in the machine frame orcarried by it. Spindles 60 are mounted in bearings 61,62 in rails 63, 64 of the machine frame and are driven from the shaft 58 by pairs of helical gears 65, 66. Preferably the gears 65, 66 have a 1:1 ratio, enabling the spindles 60 to be driven at the same high speed as the motor 57, but other gear ratios may be chosen, as desired. In

order to minimize the thrust on the shaft 58, alternate gears preferably have their teeth cut in reverse directions, the corre- .sponding alternate spindles 60 thereby receiving rotation in opposite senses. By these means, ktwist can be vimparted in opposite directions to the threads being unWound Vfrom alternate bobbins carried by the rapidly rotating spindles.

In view of the extremely high speeds of I the gears 65, 66, these gears are preferably lijo enclosed in casingsV generally designated at 67 and shown in greater detail in Figs. 9 and l0. The lower half 68 of the gear casing is carried by the rail 64, and the upper half 69 is secured to the lower half by bolts and nuts 70, 71. Felt washers T2 may be provided to prevent the escape of lubricant fi'oin the casing. Any suitable means may be provided to introduce lubricant into the casing and to drain the casing, and preferably means areN provided to maintain a continuous flow of lubricant through the casing, either by forced or gravity feed.

la shaft driven by the motor, toothed gears .aYV helical 2. Apparatus for driving textile spindles at ultra high speeds, said apparatus coin- Aprising in combination a driving unit con- Aone polyphase motor driven by said generator, at least one ofrsaid units having unbalanced windings, .a plurality of textile spindles, and Atoothed gearing adapted to be operative between the driven unit and the textile spindles.

3. Apparatus for driving textile spindles at ultra high speeds, said apparatus comprising in combination a driving unit consisting of a polyphase high frequency gen' erator, a driven unit consisting of a poly-y phase motor driven by said generator, at least one of saidA units having unbalanced windings, a plurality of textile spindles, and

on the shaft, and a toothed gear on each spindle intermeshing with said gears on the shaft.

4. Apparatus for driving textile spindles at ultra high speeds, said apparatus comprising in combination a driving unit consisting of a polyphase high frequency generator, a driven .unit consisting of a polyphase motor driven by said generator, at least one of said units having unbalanced windings, a plurality of textile spindles, and a shaft driven by the motor, helical gears on the shaft, and a helical `gear on each spindle interineshing with said gearson the shaft.

5. Apparatus for driving textile spindles at ultra high speeds, said apparatus coinprising in combination a driving unit con- Ysisting of a polyphase high frequency generator, a driven unit consisting of a polyphase motor driven by said generator, at 105 least one of said units having unbalanced windings, a plurality of pairs of oppositely rotatable textile spindles, and a shaft driven by the motor, toothed gears on the shaft, and a toothed gear on each spindleinter-im meshing with said gears on the shaft.

`6. Apparatus for. driving textile spindles at ultra high speeds, said apparatus comprising in combination a drivingunit consisting of a polyphase high frequency gen- 1l-15 erator, a driven unit consisting of a polyhase motor driven b said Generator at least one of said units having unbalanced windings, a plurality of pairs of oppositely rotatable textile spindles, and a shaft driven E by the motor, helical gearson the shaft, and

with saido'gears on the shaft. y

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto cnoiL ooPE.

Oear oneach spindle intermeshing subscribed my name. 1 v

' ERNEST 

